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Newsletter for 03-01-2005 For previous newsletters, please visit this page. Note: You may need to register (for free) to access some of these articles. If the link is not accessible, try entering the address using the Internet Archive Wayback Engine. Articles "Logical and precise, left-brain thinking gave us the Information Age. Now comes the Conceptual Age - ruled by artistry, empathy, and emotion." "The majority of American teens believe in God and worship in conventional congregations, but their religious knowledge is remarkably shallow and they have a tough time expressing the difference that faith makes in their lives, a new survey says." "The right to blasphemy is not the right to religious hate. Shakira Hussein draws on her own multi-religious background to challenge her childhood hero, Salman Rushdie." "Some of the most revered names in literature, including Daniel Defoe, author of Robinson Crusoe, face possible removal from the official pantheon of great writers in a modernisation of English in the national curriculum. "So why do so many people believe? And why has belief proved so resilient as scientific progress unravels the mysteries of plagues, floods, earthquakes and our understanding of the universe? By injecting nuns with radioactive chemicals, by scanning the brains of people with epilepsy and studying naughty children, scientists are now working out why. When the evidence is pieced together, it seems that evolution prepared what society later moulded: a brain to believe." "In their place, children may be required to study a greater range of modern writers and those who reflect the ethnically diverse nature of modern Britain such as the prize-winning black author Andrea Levy." "There were little white wires hanging down from their ears, or tucked into pockets, purses or jackets. The eyes were a little vacant. Each was in his or her own musical world, walking to their soundtrack, stars in their own music video, almost oblivious to the world around them. These are the iPod people." "The King lives on—but he’s not who you always thought he was." "Wracked by financial crisis, Philippine cinema does not have a future, except on television. Malls and Hollywood-style industrial entertainment spell doom for small theaters and for films that speak to the Filipino soul." "There is an urgent need to bring about a revolution in the overall aims and methods of academic inquiry, its whole character and structure, so that it takes up its proper task of promoting wisdom rather than just acquiring knowledge." "There is an immense literature about the Black Death, the catastrophic plague that swept through Europe in the middle of the 14th century, but the subject of death on a mass scale has acquired heightened urgency in recent years because of AIDS, genocide and the various threats posed by terrorism. For that reason John Kelly's The Great Mortality is timely and - though the word may seem odd considering the context - welcome. Written for the lay reader rather than the scholar, it conveys in excruciating but necessary detail a powerful sense of just how terribly Europe suffered, and just how resilient it was in the face of what seemed to many certain extinction." "When Giovanni Battista Viotti arrived at the Tuileries Palace in Paris, even a young man of his prodigious confidence and talent could not have known the impact his performance would have on the world of classical music. There in the cavernous surroundings, vacated by Louis XIV for the splendour of Versailles, three reputations were to be made: his own as a musician; that of the violin as a virtuoso solo concert instrument, and the name of its maker, Antonio Stradivari." "Except during the sixties when the Filipino-American War of 1899-1902 was referred to as the first Vietnam, the death of 1.4 million Filipinos has been usually accounted for as either collateral damage or victims of insurrection against the imperial authority of the United States. The first Filipino scholar to make a thorough documentation of the carnage is the late Luzviminda Francisco in her contribution to The Philippines: The End of An Illusion (London, 1973). "This fact is not even mentioned in the tiny paragraph or so in most U.S. history textbooks." "Constancy of mind and persistency of purpose—those are familiar Churchillian virtues (PDF): they led him out of the wilderness and England out of darkness." "Warrior kings, heroic battles, bloody revolution and burnt cakes. Such was the stuff of Winston Churchill's epic, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, which spun ripping yarns from down the ages but which his old rival, Clement Attlee, mocked as 'Things in History that Interested Me'." "The old man shields his eyes against the fierce light of the Altiplano and considers the question. When he talks about his ancestors, does he mean the Incas? No, he replies in a sort of Spanish creole, he means his great-great-grandfather. And with his right hand he makes a rotating gesture up and forwards from his body. The Incas, he adds, came way earlier. And with the same hand he sweeps even further forward, towards the mountains on the horizon." "While John Locke was obviously not aware of peer-to-peer networks, his philosophical views can be applied to this situation. As Locke notes, when people leave the state of nature and enter into political society, they give up their right to punish others and seek retribution. This right is transferred to the state which is to act on behalf of its citizens. This view prevails in the United States and most countries: citizens are not allowed, in general, to take the law into their own hands. Instead, the state’s law enforcement and judicial components handle such matters." "Last month, the Educational Testing Service announced that it had developed a test to measure students' ability to evaluate online material. That suggested an official recognition that the millions spent to wire schools and universities is of little use unless students know how to retrieve useful information from the oceans of sludge on the Web." "'By "kitsch" they mean what? That its subject matter is religion?' asks Charles Stuckey, associate professor at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and formerly a curator at the Art Institute. 'In today’s world, I don’t know if it would still be kitsch. It was kitsch for people who wanted to be like Jackson Pollock. But I would venture that most of the highest-paid artists today have more in common with Dalí than with Jackson Pollock.'" "People say "There is only one Einstein", but of course that is not so. In this, the official Einstein Year, when everyone celebrates Albert Einstein, let us not forget some of the other Einsteins." "But nostalgia is a treacherous thing. It can make you teeter dangerously as you walk that thinnest of lines: on one side a clear-eyed assessment of how it was for all manner of people, on the other the pit of sentimentality. Merry Christmas everyone, and bless us one and all. The older I get, the less certain which side of the line I am on. Even less certain which side of the line I should be on. There’s something about nostalgia and its close cousin sentimentality that gives me the horrors, but also something that makes me suspect it needs a lot more serious attention than I’ve been prepared to give it. It’s a Wonderful Life enrages me – it’s not a wonderful life mostly, and James Stewart’s character is tragic, offered a simpering view of the good he has done to make up for never having got away from the town he longed his whole life to leave. A kind of Judeo-Christian-Islamic afterlife instead of, rather than after, life. Then again, while I rage at the movie, tears stream down my face. Got to get this sorted out before the last of the brain cell bubbles finally bursts." "The United States' current account deficit and foreign debt are not dire threats to its global position, as would-be Cassandras warn. U.S. power is firmly grounded on economic superiority and financial stability that will not end soon." "Most CD collectors recognise that any recording is to a greater or lesser degree a 'lie' - no one listening to their CD player or iPod wants repeatedly to hear the technical flaws and audience coughs that invariably creep into public performances. What counts is the inner vitality of the music-making and its consistent impact. It doesn’t really matter how much the master tape is edited or doctored, or whether it was made 'live' or in the studio, as long as the finished result mirrors the artistic viewpoint of the performers." "Guillermo Cabrera Infante, outspoken critic of Cuban leader Fidel Castro and one of the most original voices in modern Spanish-language literature, has died in London." "Philosophers are different from other people. That much, you might think, is obvious. But how exactly are they different? In what ways are they just the same as everyone else? And are academic philosophers different from philosophy enthusiasts - 'philosophiles' if you like?" "Many Germans clamor for closure on the Holocaust, a final accounting, a resolution, as the 60th anniversary of the end of the war in Europe, in May, approaches. If they do not say, 'Enough,' they think it. Guilt cannot be inherited, like some family heirloom, even if consciousness of the guilt of their forebears cannot be erased. They bite their lips to stop that word -- 'enough' -- coming out; they know that if they raise their chins even an inch, someone will push them down again. "ut is it not reasonable to demand this Schlußstrich, this closure, now that the Nazi perpetrators are already dead or will be soon? It is reasonable. But memory is not linear and reason has little purchase on it. The crimes of the Nazis have taken a tortuous course through the psyches of survivors. As Primo Levi observed, 'The injury cannot be healed: it extends through time.' "The church of San Luigi dei Francesi, with its simple, sooty façade giving on to a typical Roman piazza, is easy to pass without a glance. Even within its chapel you may not immediately notice the treasures, for to see the three paintings by Caravaggio you have to stuff 10-cent coins into a slot to turn on the lights. Then suddenly Christ emerges from the shadows, raising an arm and pointing to one among a group of raucous 17th-century characters slouched over a table, gambling or counting money, beneath a grimy window. A diagonal shaft of light accentuates the gesture and shines on the bewildered man, who points unsurely at himself, as if to ask, 'Who, me?'. "This is 'The Calling of St Matthew', and still, 400 years after it was painted, you leave the chapel, look around the piazza, and in Caravaggio's Matthew you see everyman, you or me or that passer-by, busy with the everyday bustle of life yet also players in our own existential dramas, our lives heightened by extremes of emotion, fear, exaltation." "We are too poor to read. Literature is, after all, a middle-class preserve and since our middle class is being economically eroded, reading has been put aside for the pursuit of basic survival. University lecturers, for example, who were firmly middle- class 40 years ago, now straddle the line between middle and working-class conditions. They are often owed arrears of salaries and the salaries themselves are so insufficient that many turn to force-selling pamphlets to their students. In addition, electricity is erratic all over the country, fuel prices - and food prices - keep rising, running water is a luxury and the roads are full of pot-holes. Life is precarious and harsh; it is reasonable then to expect that reading would become an irrelevance." "Asking a woman who has survived Pol Pot's labour camps to relive her traumatic past for a theatre audience seems a terrible idea. Yet that is what the director Keng-Sen Ong did when he created The Continuum: Beyond the Killing Fields. The show tells the story of Em Theay, one of the few dancers to have lived through the Khmer Rouge's purge of 'capitalist and impure elements'." "In recent years, nonhuman animals have been at the centre of an intense philosophical debate. In particular, many authors have criticised traditional morality, maintaining that the way in which we treat members of other species is ethically indefensible. We routinely use animals as means to our ends - in fact, we treat them in ways in which we would deem it profoundly immoral to treat human beings. Though they are 'moral patients' - that is, beings whose treatment may be subject to moral evaluation - their status is infinitely inferior to ours. Are such double standards warranted? And, if so, on what grounds?" In 1995, in the early days of the Monica Lewinsky scandal, the literary scholar and cultural theorist, Stephen Greenblatt, had a momentary encounter with Bill Clinton at a White House reception. Clinton recalled being made to learn Macbeth at school. 'Don't you think,' said Greenblatt, 'it's a play about someone compelled to do the morally disastrous?' 'No,' said Clinton, 'it's a play about someone whose immense ambition has an ethically inadequate object.' This insight, captured in such a 'marvellous phrase', dazzled Greenblatt into thinking the president had missed his vocation as an English professor, especially when Clinton went on to quote reams of Macbeth by heart. Some time later, though, watching the TV news, he heard Clinton praise the late King Hussein of Jordan as a man 'whose immense ambition had an ethically adequate object'. Clinton's marvellous phrase, it turned out, was no more than multi-purpose rhetoric. 'It suddenly occurred to me,' Greenblatt recalls, 'that although the phrase was marvellous, it was also somehow off. No one with immense ambition has an ethically adequate object. I realised that Clinton had chosen the right vocation after all!'" "If ever a city was shaped by one man it is Bristol. Britain's greatest engineer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel left an indelible mark on the place, with the Great Western Railway, the SS Great Britain, the Clifton Suspension Bridge, and the 'Floating Harbour'. "Everyone recognises Brunel's achievement but less thought has been given to the source of his genius. Could it in part be attributable to the fact that he was a child of mixed heritage with an English mother and a father who came to Britain a refugee from revolutionary France?" "A 7.3 metre stretch of paper, described as one of the greatest Renaissance engravings, has gone on display at the British Museum a century after the institution acquired it. "It is a genealogy made in 1540 for the Emperor Charles V, and it was the pride of the greatest private collection of engravings of its time, heaped up in Seville by Ferdinand Columbus, illegitimate son of Christopher Columbus." "The debate on the relative importance of nature (genetics) and nurture (environment) in determining human traits has been prolonged and often acrimonious. Great minds have engaged in it over the last 300 years, including philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes, and scientists Stephen Gould, Richard Lewontin, and Edward Wilson. The problem is that most of the debate has proceeded on the basis of either a simplistically dichotomous view of the question, or with a dearth of relevant empirical evidence. The controversy has in fact largely been solved when it comes to plants and non-human animals. Unfortunately, most philosophers are not aware of such progress, which has taken place within the arcane discipline of evolutionary ecology. On the other hand, most scientists keep focusing on the special case of humans which - while obviously the most interesting - has demonstrated to be the most recalcitrant to empirical analysis and the most open to philosophical inquiry." "The British declared the Kenya Emergency in 1952, when seven years of restless dissatisfaction with British rule culminated in the full-scale rebellion known as Mau Mau. It was very largely the struggle of the Kikuyu, the country’s majority ethnic group – about 1.5 million in a native population of five million – who had lost much of their land to white settlers and had moved into reservations or continued farming as tenants. The Emergency saw out two prime ministers – Churchill and Eden – and ended in January 1960. In that time, Mau Mau supporters killed at least 2000 African civilians and inflicted some 200 casualties on the army and police. In all, 32 white settlers died in the rebellion. For their part, the British hanged more than 1000 Kikuyu, detained at least 150,000 and, according to official figures, killed around 12,000 in combat, though the real figure, in David Anderson’s view, is 'likely to have been more than 20,000'. In addition, Caroline Elkins claims, up to 100,000 died in the detention camps." "Women did contribute to New Orleans jazz, in many and significant ways. They played bawdy piano in the famous red-light district of Storyville. They were instrumentalists, vocalists, dancers and bandleaders." "Gay men employ the same strategies for navigating as women - using landmarks to find their way around - a new study suggests. "But they also use the strategies typically used by straight men, such as using compass directions and distances. In contrast, gay women read maps just like straight women, reveals the study of 80 heterosexual and homosexual men and women." "The film scores of Jerry Goldsmith, Elmer Bernstein and David Raksin deserve to be celebrated, and not just in retrospect and not just as 'movie music.' Tonight at the Academy Awards, there likely will be some ceremonial nod to the accomplishments of the three composers, all of whom died last year." "Did you know that the South Korean government is involved in a willful cover-up of evidence both of the true extent of the atrocities perpetrated in North Korea’s Gulag and also of any signs of internal opposition to its Stalinist government?" "Traditional linguists fear the internet damages our ability to articulate properly, infusing language with LOLs, dorky emoticons and the gauche sharing personal information on blogs. But some researchers believe we have entered a new era of expression." "What makes us human? From a philosophical perspective, the answer may lie in part in our apparently unique need—and self-awareness—to ask the question in the first place. From a biological perspective, the answer lies in part in the sequence of our DNA. While fossil evidence has provided a rough draft of the story of human evolution, much more remains to be learned about the path our genes followed, a path that diverged millions of years ago from our closest living hominid relatives, the chimp and bonobo. Charting differences between human genomes and those of our evolutionary relatives—both near and distant—has become a powerful tool for filling in the gaps in the human fossil record." "Is American power good, bad, or distressingly reluctant?" "A year of death and destruction wreaked mostly by humans ended with nature flexing her own muscles, to terrifying effect. A section of the earth's crust hundreds of kilometers long tore off its moorings, slamming into the seawater above. The resulting tsunami traveled at 700 kilometers per hour to rear up like a hydra onto shores, sweeping away some 225,000 lives and millions of livelihoods across 12 nations. Now, as broken-hearted survivors turn to piecing together the remnants, scientists are scrutinizing the oceanic and island terrain to determine how the crust has changed and to gauge what further horrors the earth may have in store." "What if the Holy Grail, the San Greal, was not the legendary and elusive cup that held the blood of Christ dying on the cross but was itself a blood, or a bloodline, a 'sang real,' a 'royal blood?' The idea, suggested for the first time in Holy Blood and Holy Grail, a 1982 book by British journalists Henry Lincoln, Richard Leigh, and Michael Baigent, is at the core of Dan Brown’s bestseller The Da Vinci Code. "But is this all true?" "The whole scenery is new to me, but a current production of Fidelio in Chicago resonates with vivid irony in history and our own political moment. Conducted by the son of a resister executed by the Nazis, and narrating the liberation of a political prisoner from the dungeons of 18th-century Spain, it lights up the morning headlines, raising questions straight from the confirmation of Alberto Gonzales as attorney general. Christoph Von Dohnanyi is the maestro conducting. His father, Hans, is historically notorious for drawing Dietrich Bonhoeffer, the German theologian, into political resistance and even coup conspiracy against Hitler. Both were imprisoned and martyred before the war's end." "When Strindberg was lost for words, he turned to paint to exorcise his demons." "From ethics committees to ‘learning outcomes’, the threat to academic freedom comes from within the university as much as from without." "HI MS. DINKINS. This is Nancy in your English 96 class. I’m just a little confused with the literary analysis essay. What is it that you want us to write about? Are we supposed to summarize the story? Also, for the thesis, I don’t understand how we bring the setting, characters, plot and symbols together to make the thesis. I’m really worried about this essay because I don’t get it. Thanks" "Could you name a famous Singapore artist or musician? Neither could I, until I spent a few days in the city state recently. Despite a push for the arts that began a decade ago, it is still seen as a country that has had great economic success, but is rather dull and authoritarian. This is the place that famously banned chewing gum, where it is illegal to be gay, where freedom of expression is limited and there is strict censorship. Good for shopping, but not promising as a new global centre of the arts. The writer William Gibson called it 'Disneyland with the death penalty'." "Call them the 'missionary generation.' The 1.3 million graduates of the nation's more than 700 religious colleges are quite distinctive from their secular counterparts. And the stronger the religious affiliation of the school, the more distinctive they are. The young men and women attending the 20 religious colleges I visited in 2001 and 2002 are Red through and through. (Though the schools are sometimes located in Blue states, the majority of students hail from Red states and view faith accordingly.) They reject the spiritually empty education of secular schools. They refuse to accept the sophisticated ennui of their contemporaries. They snub the 'spiritual but not religious' attitude. They rebuff the intellectual relativism of professors and the moral relativism of their peers. They refuse to accept their 'fifth freedom.'" "Men and women are different. Feminists react in horror at such a statement, failing to grasp that 'different' does not have to mean 'unequal.' Nor does 'different' mean that one gender is necessarily relegated to a lifetime of being barefoot and pregnant, while the other gender brings home the bacon. Instead, men and women have different strengths and weaknesses that complement each other in a variety of ways. These complementary differences improve our world. "When did it become so controversial to acknowledge such an obvious fact?" "On paper, McConnell performed well at Le Moyne. Last March, he was conditionally accepted in the Master of Science for Teachers program, grades 7 through 12, for the summer and spring semesters. Upon earning at least all 'B's' in his first four courses and completing course deficiencies from his undergrad work, McConnell would be a full student. In his five classes at Le Moyne, he received one B-plus, three marks of A-minus, and one A. Across the board, his supervising teacher at Franklin Elementary School judged him 'excellent' and wrote, 'Scott has been a joy to have in the classroom.' McConnell met all the conditions set forth in his provisional acceptance letter. "So how did McConnell merit rejection from Le Moyne, a college run by the Jesuit order of priests, who are notorious for tolerating nearly any opinion? He dared to write in his 'Classroom Management Plan' last November that multiculturalism has no place in his classroom and that he will firmly discipline his students, including using corporal punishment when appropriate, if legal, and the child's parents are involved. He wrote that, unless situations dictate differently, he would treat all students alike. He would positively reinforce good behavior, heavily involve parents, and build respect instead of self-esteem." "The Tokyo metropolitan board of education decided Thursday to adopt a controversial history textbook and will put it into use next spring at a secondary school run by the metropolitan government. The decision could pave the way for the popularization of the textbook widely regarded as a whitewash and distortion of Japan's invasion history in the World War II." "With Carl Orff's bewitching cantata about to enjoy performances across Canada, Robert Everett-Green ponders the relevance of the composer's Nazi connections." "How much more time do you need? This year marks the 400th anniversary of Don Quixote, and you still haven't read it. Harold Bloom is shaking his hoary head: 'Where shall wisdom be found, indeed!' And don't even bother trying to hum 'The Impossible Dream.' A few diverting hours with 'Man of La Mancha' are no substitute for working through 1,000 pages of the world's first novel. "But nagging guilt is a poor motivator for reading (or you'd have finished Ron Chernow's Hamilton by now). So here's something to tempt you toward this intimidating classic of Spanish literature: a debut novel called Tilting At Windmills that reimagines Miguel Cervantes and Don Quixote as friends in a beguiling blend of biography and fiction." "There are at least three distinct Voltaires. First is the scandalous Voltaire, who by the seventeen-twenties had become the leading controversialist in France, with a series of topically loaded plays and poems, only to be thrown into the Bastille twice for being generally annoying, and in 1726 get exiled to England, where he absorbed and wrote about English learning and English parliamentary institutions. Next, there is the scientific Voltaire, who returned to France in 1728 and eventually became the lover and disciple of the brilliant Mme. Châtelet, and who, closeted with her at her Château de Cire, wrote on math and science and did more than almost anyone else to bring the news of Newtonian physics to Europe. Then, from the seventeen-fifties until his death, in 1778, there is the socially conscious Voltaire, the Voltaire who became one of the first human-rights campaigners in Europe, and whose determination to remake the world one soul at a time W. H. Auden could still idealize in 1939, in his poem 'Voltaire at Ferney.' ('And still all over Europe stood the horrible nurses / Itching to boil their children. Only his verses / Perhaps could stop them: He must go on working.')" "A scientific community cannot practice its trade without some set of received beliefs. These beliefs form the foundation of the 'educational initiation that prepares and licenses the student for professional practice'. The nature of the "rigorous and rigid' preparation helps ensure that the received beliefs are firmly fixed in the student's mind. Scientists take great pains to defend the assumption that scientists know what the world is like...To this end, 'normal science' will often suppress novelties which undermine its foundations. Research is therefore not about discovering the unknown, but rather 'a strenuous and devoted attempt to force nature into the conceptual boxes supplied by professional education'. "A shift in professional commitments to shared assumptions takes place when an anomaly undermines the basic tenets of the current scientific practice These shifts are what Kuhn describes as scientific revolutions - 'the tradition-shattering complements to the tradition-bound activity of normal science'. New assumptions –'paradigms' - require the reconstruction of prior assumptions and the re-evaluation of prior facts. This is difficult and time consuming. It is also strongly resisted by the established community." "Atheism was once new, exciting, and liberating, and for those reasons held to be devoid of the vices of the faiths it displaced. With time, it turned out to have just as many frauds, psychopaths, and careerists as religion does. Many have now concluded that these personality types are endemic to all human groups, rather than being the peculiar preserve of religious folks. With Stalin and Madalyn Murray O'Hair, atheism seems to have ended up mimicking the vices of the Spanish Inquisition and the worst televangelists, respectively." "If you wink at torture, if you don’t mind mass slaughter, if lying is of no concern to you, you can go far in this world. "Just ask John Negroponte." "If Caravaggio were alive today, he would have loved the cinema; his paintings take a cinematic approach. We film-makers became aware of his work in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and he certainly was an influence on us." "Just over a month ago, the European Space Agency's Huygens probe descended through the atmosphere of Saturn's giant moon Titan. The probe sent back stunning close-up images of a world never before seen is such detail." "The twist here is that, when asked which artist's works they would take to a desert island if allowed only one, people often do not choose the artist they consider to be the greatest. Miles Davies comes first in this ranking, while he was firmly mid-table according to his greatness. Britney Spears' higher placing is perhaps indicative of a misunderstanding - some at least of the respondents seemed to think that it was Britney herself who would be on the island, not her works." "Who roamed the Colorado Plateau thousands of years ago? And what do their stunning paintings signify (PDF)?" "Shakespeare's impact on the Victorians is difficult to grasp. So many Shakespeare editions, anthologies, productions, burlesques, allusions, illustrations, paintings, not to mention spoons, teacups, furnishings . . . so much Shakespeare, in short. Even today he seems less culturally central than he was in the mid to late nineteenth century, when he mutated from glamorous Romantic outsider into something reassuringly familiar yet also august, like the Bank of England: a social, cultural and economic institution skilfully administered by experts. As Adrian Poole observes, in his introduction to Volume Two of this collection of essays, it is with the Victorians that 'Shakespeare becomes serious business', a commodity 'attached to durables and consumables from crockery and clocks, to mustard and, in due course, a cigar called Hamlet'. In the early days of Shakespeare veneration, Milton could depict the poet as flying free of conventional systems of esteem; Shakespeare didn’t need 'a star-pointing Pyramid' to be remembered; his works were his 'Monument' and he stood outside aristocratic power structures. It was the sleepless Victorians who turned Shakespeare into an institution, authority, business and profession. The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre was founded in Stratford in 1879 and the New Shakspere Society in 1874. Heritage Shakespeare was not far off and neither were thousands of jobs in universities, dedicated to explaining what the poet wrote. Modern Shakespeare academics owe the Victorians a good deal."
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